Which executive orders on AI has the White House signed since January 2025?

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1. Which AI executive orders were signed in 2025?
2. Which AI executive orders were signed in 2026?
3. Which other presidential documents address AI?
4. Was an AI executive order signed in October 2026?
5. How do the orders compare?
6. Does any of these orders require a license to build AI?

Eight of the 15 orders carry AI or “Super Intelligence” in the title. The other seven, on coal, nuclear reactors, cybersecurity, drones, data centers, the Genesis Mission and veterans’ benefits, are here because their text gives a named agency a specific AI instruction. Orders that mention AI only in passing, or list it as one tool among several, are left off. Among them are the wildfire, foster care, mortgage credit, defense supply chain and America.gov orders (Executive Orders 14308, 14359, 14393, 14415 and 14432).

Four other presidential documents sit beside the orders: NSPM-11, a non-binding memorandum of understanding with the United Kingdom, and two proclamations, one on semiconductor tariffs and one on the Ratepayer Protection Pledge. Each entry gives the Federal Register citation, what the document directs and, where a later document shows one, its status. For anything signed after November 2, 2026, the White House AI tracker on this site updates every 6 hours.

Which AI executive orders were signed in 2025?

Twelve, beginning three days after the previous administration’s AI order was revoked. Executive Order 14148 of January 20, 2025 (90 FR 8237) revoked, in section 2(ggg), Executive Order 14110 of October 30, 2023, the Biden order on safe, secure and trustworthy AI.

EO 14179, “Removing Barriers to American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence” (January 23, 2025)

Executive Order 14179 (90 FR 8741, published January 31, 2025) sets the policy in section 2: “to sustain and enhance America’s global AI dominance in order to promote human flourishing, economic competitiveness, and national security.” Section 4(a) gives the Assistant to the President for Science and Technology (APST), the Special Advisor for AI and Crypto and the national security adviser 180 days to submit an action plan. Section 5(a) orders a review of every action taken under “the revoked Executive Order 14110,” and section 5(b) gives OMB 60 days to revise memoranda M-24-10 and M-24-18.

Status: OMB replaced both with M-25-21 and M-25-22, announced April 7, 2025, and “Winning the AI Race: America’s AI Action Plan” followed on July 23, 2025. A company selling AI to a federal agency works under those two memoranda, which cover how agencies use and buy AI, more than under the order itself.

EO 14261, “Reinvigorating America’s Beautiful Clean Coal Industry and Amending Executive Order 14241” (April 8, 2025)

The coal order (90 FR 15517, published April 14, 2025) has one AI section: section 10, “Powering Artificial Intelligence Data Centers.” Section 10(b) gave Interior, Commerce and Energy 60 days to identify regions where coal-powered infrastructure is available and suitable for supporting AI data centers, assess the potential for expanding coal-based power to meet the electricity needs of AI and high-performance computing, and report to the chair of the National Energy Dominance Council, the APST and the Special Advisor for AI and Crypto. It binds those three departments, not a company.

EO 14277, “Advancing Artificial Intelligence Education for American Youth” (April 23, 2025)

Section 4 creates the White House Task Force on Artificial Intelligence Education, chaired by the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy (90 FR 17519, published April 28, 2025), and section 5 gives it 90 days to plan a Presidential Artificial Intelligence Challenge. Sections 7 and 8 give Education, the National Science Foundation, Agriculture and Labor 120 days to steer existing grants toward teacher training and AI-related Registered Apprenticeships. Nothing in it binds a school district or a company.

EO 14299, “Deploying Advanced Nuclear Reactor Technologies for National Security” (May 23, 2025)

As in the coal order, the AI connection here is electricity (90 FR 22581, published May 29, 2025). Section 4(a) tells the Secretary of Energy to start designating AI data centers located at or operated in coordination with Department of Energy facilities as critical defense facilities. Section 4(c) tells the Secretary to site and authorize privately funded advanced reactors at DOE sites “for the purpose of powering AI infrastructure” and other critical or national security needs, with a goal of operating the first within 30 months, and section 5(b) releases at least 20 metric tons of high-assay low-enriched uranium for such projects. Its AI provisions concern a company only if it is building an AI data center located at, or operated in coordination with, a Department of Energy facility, or a privately funded reactor on a DOE site.

EO 14306, “Sustaining Select Efforts To Strengthen the Nation’s Cybersecurity and Amending Executive Order 13694 and Executive Order 14144” (June 6, 2025)

The AI content is one section written into an earlier order (90 FR 24723, published June 11, 2025). Section 2(e) inserts into the Biden cybersecurity order of January 16, 2025, Executive Order 14144, a new section 5, “Promoting Security with and in Artificial Intelligence,” with two November 1, 2025 deadlines. Commerce, Energy, Homeland Security and the NSF were to open cyber-defense research datasets to academic researchers. Defense, Homeland Security and the Director of National Intelligence were to fold “management of AI software vulnerabilities and compromises” into their vulnerability-management processes, including “sharing indicators of compromise for AI systems.” Anyone looking for the operative text should read Executive Order 14144 as amended.

EO 14307, “Unleashing American Drone Dominance” (June 6, 2025)

Only one instruction in the drone order concerns AI (90 FR 24727, published June 11, 2025). Section 4(c) gives the FAA 120 days to “initiate the deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) tools to assist in and expedite the review of UAS waiver applications under 14 CFR part 107,” used in accordance with OMB memorandum M-25-21. The rest of the order is about drone rules and exports.

EO 14318, “Accelerating Federal Permitting of Data Center Infrastructure” (July 23, 2025)

The data center order imposes nothing on a developer; it offers a faster federal track to projects that qualify (90 FR 35385, published July 28, 2025). Section 2(a) defines a “Data Center Project” as a facility needing more than 100 megawatts of new load “dedicated to AI inference, training, simulation, or synthetic data generation.” A “Qualifying Project” under section 2(d) has at least $500 million in committed capital expenditure, more than 100 MW of added load, a national security purpose, or an agency designation. Sections 3, 5, 6 and 9 offer such projects financial support, NEPA categorical exclusions, FAST-41 treatment and federal land. Section 4 revokes Executive Order 14141 of January 14, 2025, the Biden AI infrastructure order.

EO 14319, “Preventing Woke AI in the Federal Government” (July 23, 2025)

Section 3 sets two “Unbiased AI Principles,” truth-seeking and ideological neutrality, and tells agency heads to “procure only those LLMs developed in accordance with” them (90 FR 35389, published July 28, 2025). Section 4(b) requires the principles as terms in every federal LLM contract signed after OMB guidance. Section 1 draws the boundary: the government “should be hesitant to regulate the functionality of AI models in the private marketplace,” so the order reaches a company only when it sells a model to an agency.

Status: OMB memorandum M-26-04 of December 11, 2025 implements it, with agency policies due March 11, 2026. The memorandum itself “shall cease to have any force or effect two years after the date of its issuance, unless the Director of OMB provides otherwise.”

EO 14320, “Promoting the Export of the American AI Technology Stack” (July 23, 2025)

Section 3(a) gives Commerce 90 days to establish the American AI Exports Program (90 FR 35393, published July 28, 2025), and section 3(b) requires a call for proposals from industry-led consortia offering a “full-stack AI technology package” of AI-optimized hardware, data pipelines, models, security measures and applications. Under section 4, the State Department’s Economic Diplomacy Action Group lines up federal financing for selected packages.

Status: Commerce opened the first call on April 1, 2026, with applications accepted through June 30, 2026 (91 FR 18412). The control side is in AI export controls.

EO 14355, “Unlocking Cures for Pediatric Cancer With Artificial Intelligence” (September 30, 2025)

Section 2 tells the Make America Healthy Again Commission, with HHS, the APST and the Special Advisor for AI and Crypto, to find uses for AI at the Childhood Cancer Data Initiative, which section 1 describes as a $50 million-a-year, ten-year investment begun in 2019 (90 FR 48153, published October 7, 2025). Section 3 calls for strategies to increase investment “from existing Federal funds,” and section 4 asks HHS to fold AI into its health-data interoperability work. It sets no deadline in days.

EO 14363, “Launching the Genesis Mission” (November 24, 2025)

Section 2 creates the Genesis Mission, run by the Secretary of Energy and led by the APST (90 FR 55035, published November 28, 2025). Section 3 orders an “American Science and Security Platform” of national-laboratory supercomputers, scientific foundation models, AI agents and federal datasets, and section 3(f) sets 270 days for an initial operating capability. Section 4(a) allows 60 days for a list of at least 20 national science and technology challenges.

EO 14365, “Ensuring a National Policy Framework for Artificial Intelligence” (December 11, 2025)

This is the order on state AI laws (90 FR 58499, published December 16, 2025). Section 3 gives the Attorney General 30 days to create an AI Litigation Task Force “whose sole responsibility shall be to challenge State AI laws” inconsistent with its policy of “a minimally burdensome national policy framework.” Section 4 gives Commerce 90 days to publish an evaluation naming “onerous” state laws, and section 5(a) gives Commerce 90 days to issue a policy notice making those states ineligible for non-deployment BEAD broadband funds “to the maximum extent allowed by Federal law.” Sections 6 and 7 call for an FCC proceeding and an FTC policy statement. Section 8 orders a legislative recommendation to preempt conflicting state laws, with exceptions under section 8(b) that include laws on child safety, AI compute and data center infrastructure, and state procurement and use of AI.

Status: the Attorney General established the task force on January 9, 2026, and the White House released its “National Policy Framework for Artificial Intelligence: Legislative Recommendations” on March 20, 2026. On April 24, 2026 the Justice Department moved to intervene in xAI’s suit against Colorado’s AI Act (SB 24-205); its announcement did not mention the task force. Under section 7, the Federal Trade Commission published a proposed policy statement on July 7, 2026 (91 FR 41638), saying that a state law requiring an AI firm to deceive its consumers conflicts with the FTC Act and is impliedly preempted; comments closed July 31, and we found no final version.

Holland & Knight reported on March 27, 2026 that the Commerce evaluation, due March 11, had not been released; we found no later publication. An executive order cannot void a state statute, and as of November 2026 no federal law preempts California’s SB 53, New York’s RAISE Act or Illinois’s SB 315.

Which AI executive orders were signed in 2026?

Three, as of November 2, 2026.

EO 14409, “Promoting Advanced Artificial Intelligence Innovation and Security” (June 2, 2026)

This is the order with the most to say to frontier developers (91 FR 34565, published June 5, 2026). Section 2 sets 30-day deadlines for cyber-defense directives, including “access to cybersecurity tools and services including, where appropriate, covered frontier models” for agencies, states and critical-infrastructure operators.

Section 3 is the frontier-model section. Within 60 days, the Treasury, the Secretary of War through the NSA Director, and Homeland Security through CISA are to (a) build “a classified benchmarking process to assess the advanced cyber capabilities of AI models” and set the threshold for a “covered frontier model,” with the NSA Director deciding, and (b) design a voluntary framework under which a developer can give the government access to such a model “for a period of up to 30 days before they plan to release such models to other trusted partners.” Section 3(c) then states: “Nothing in this section shall be construed to authorize the creation of a mandatory governmental licensing, preclearance, or permitting requirement for the development, publication, release, or distribution of new AI models, including frontier models.”

The benchmark is classified and the framework is voluntary. A developer can ask the government whether a model under development is a covered frontier model, and assessments are shared with developers only “as appropriate,” but nothing in the order requires a developer to take part.

EO 14426, “Accelerating Access to Veterans’ Benefits and Employment Opportunities” (September 8, 2026)

One clause of the veterans order concerns AI (91 FR 58003, published September 11, 2026). Section 2(a)(ii) gives the Secretary of War and the Secretary of Veterans Affairs 180 days, until March 7, 2027, to “create and deploy new digital tools using artificial intelligence and other emerging capabilities” to streamline veterans’ applications for and access to benefits. The rest of the order is about sharing service members’ personnel and health records with the Department of Veterans Affairs and about veterans’ employment. It binds those two departments.

EO 14434, “Inaugurating the Era of Super Intelligence” (September 29, 2026)

Executive Order 14434 changes the government’s vocabulary (91 FR 63129, published October 2, 2026). Section 2(a) directs agencies to use “Super Intelligence” and “SI” in place of “Artificial Intelligence” and “AI” in their own non-statutory documents; section 2(b) leaves prior regulations, contracts and grants untouched. Section 3(a) defines the terms as the technologies covered by 15 U.S.C. 9401(3), so there is no capability line. Section 3(b) gives the APST 60 days, until November 28, 2026, to submit proposed legislative language for a federal definition. It creates no duty outside the executive branch. The order is read section by section in EO 14434 explained.

Which other presidential documents address AI?

Four, none of them an executive order. The memorandum of understanding and NSPM-11 have no Federal Register citation because the White House published them only on whitehouse.gov.

• Memorandum of Understanding on the Technology Prosperity Deal, United States and United Kingdom (September 18, 2025). It covers AI infrastructure, research access to compute, export of “the full stack of chips, data centers, and models,” and a partnership between the U.S. Center for AI Standards and Innovation and the UK AI Security Institute. It “does not constitute or create and is not intended to constitute or create any legally binding obligations.”
• Proclamation 11002, “Adjusting Imports of Semiconductors, Semiconductor Manufacturing Equipment, and Their Derivative Products Into the United States” (January 14, 2026), 91 FR 2443. A section 232 action. Clause (3) imposes a 25 percent ad valorem duty on the advanced computing chips listed in its annex from January 15, 2026, and exempts imports for use in United States data centers, research and development, startups and other listed uses. Paragraph 6 records the Commerce finding that chips that enable AI are “an important element of many data centers.”
• Proclamation 11014, “Ratepayer Protection Pledge” (March 4, 2026), 91 FR 11439. It declares that a pledge by “hyperscalers and AI companies” to build, bring or buy the new generation their data centers need, and to pay for the power delivery upgrades that serve them, effectuates national policy, and records that seven technology companies accepted it that day. It directs no agency action.
• NSPM-11, “Artificial Intelligence in the National Security Enterprise” (June 5, 2026). It directs national security agencies to make “the most advanced frontier models broadly available” to their professionals (section 2(a)), to update the Defense Department’s autonomy-in-weapons directive and issue a classified annex within 90 days (sections 3(a) and 3(d)). Section 3(f) itself rescinds and replaces the Biden memorandum NSM-25.

Was an AI executive order signed in October 2026?

No. The Federal Register lists four executive orders signed between October 1 and November 2, 2026: 14435 on diesel fuel tax relief (October 5), 14436 implementing the Lindsey O. Graham Sanctioning Russia and Iran Act (October 16), 14437 on women’s health (October 19) and 14438, “Decreasing Housing Costs for the American People” (October 22, 91 FR 68007). None directs an AI action. The housing order uses the new vocabulary once: section 1 states a policy to “embrace innovative risk and value assessment technologies that incorporate Super Intelligence to drive down mortgage and homeownership costs,” and its operative sections ask the Federal Housing Finance Agency to have Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac pilot proactive cancellation of mortgage insurance using automated valuation models. That is the kind of passing mention this list leaves out.

Two October events were not executive orders: the October 2 Federal Register publication of Executive Order 14434, and Treasury’s October 26 proposed rule on outbound investment adopting “super intelligence (SI) system” as a defined term (91 FR 67396). The next scheduled date is November 28, 2026, the section 3(b) deadline under Executive Order 14434.

How do the orders compare?

AI executive orders and related presidential documents, January 2025 to November 2026

Document	Signed	Federal Register	What it directs	Who it binds
EO 14179, Removing Barriers to American Leadership in AI	Jan 23, 2025	90 FR 8741	Action plan in 180 days; review of EO 14110 actions; OMB memos revised	APST, Special Advisor for AI and Crypto, APNSA, OMB
EO 14261, Reinvigorating America’s Beautiful Clean Coal Industry	Apr 8, 2025	90 FR 15517	Regions where coal power can serve AI data centers (section 10); report in 60 days	Interior, Commerce, Energy
EO 14277, Advancing AI Education for American Youth	Apr 23, 2025	90 FR 17519	Education task force; Presidential AI Challenge; teacher training; apprenticeships	OSTP, Education, Labor, NSF, Agriculture
EO 14299, Deploying Advanced Nuclear Reactor Technologies	May 23, 2025	90 FR 22581	Reactors at DOE sites to power AI infrastructure; AI data centers as critical defense facilities	Energy (Defense only for non-AI reactor duties)
EO 14306, Sustaining Select Efforts To Strengthen the Nation’s Cybersecurity	Jun 6, 2025	90 FR 24723	AI software vulnerabilities in agency vulnerability management	Defense, DHS, DNI, Commerce, Energy, NSF
EO 14307, Unleashing American Drone Dominance	Jun 6, 2025	90 FR 24727	AI tools for FAA waiver review in 120 days	Transportation (FAA)
EO 14318, Accelerating Federal Permitting of Data Center Infrastructure	Jul 23, 2025	90 FR 35385	Permitting, NEPA and federal land for 100 MW-plus AI data centers; revokes EO 14141	Commerce, Interior, Energy, Defense, EPA
EO 14319, Preventing Woke AI in the Federal Government	Jul 23, 2025	90 FR 35389	Unbiased AI Principles in federal LLM contracts	Agencies buying LLMs; vendors by contract
EO 14320, Promoting the Export of the American AI Technology Stack	Jul 23, 2025	90 FR 35393	American AI Exports Program; full-stack packages; federal financing	Commerce, State
MOU, U.S.–UK Technology Prosperity Deal	Sep 18, 2025	None	AI infrastructure, compute and standards cooperation; non-binding	No one
EO 14355, Unlocking Cures for Pediatric Cancer With AI	Sep 30, 2025	90 FR 48153	AI at the Childhood Cancer Data Initiative; data interoperability	MAHA Commission, HHS
EO 14363, Launching the Genesis Mission	Nov 24, 2025	90 FR 55035	DOE AI science platform; 20 challenges in 60 days; initial capability in 270 days	Energy, APST
EO 14365, Ensuring a National Policy Framework for AI	Dec 11, 2025	90 FR 58499	Task force against state AI laws; Commerce evaluation; BEAD conditions; legislative recommendation	Justice, Commerce, FCC, FTC
Proclamation 11002, Adjusting Imports of Semiconductors	Jan 14, 2026	91 FR 2443	25 percent duty on listed advanced chips from Jan 15, 2026; data-center and R&D uses exempt	Importers of covered chips
Proclamation 11014, Ratepayer Protection Pledge	Mar 4, 2026	91 FR 11439	Declares national policy the pledge by hyperscalers and AI companies to pay for data-center power	No agency; seven companies accepted the pledge
EO 14409, Promoting Advanced AI Innovation and Security	Jun 2, 2026	91 FR 34565	Classified cyber benchmark for “covered frontier model”; voluntary 30-day pre-release access	Treasury, NSA, CISA; developers by choice
NSPM-11, AI in the National Security Enterprise	Jun 5, 2026	None	Frontier models for national security use; classified annex; replaces NSM-25	National security agencies
EO 14426, Accelerating Access to Veterans’ Benefits	Sep 8, 2026	91 FR 58003	AI tools for veterans’ benefit applications in 180 days	War (Defense), Veterans Affairs
EO 14434, Inaugurating the Era of Super Intelligence	Sep 29, 2026	91 FR 63129	“Super Intelligence” replaces “AI” in agency documents; legislative proposal by Nov 28, 2026	Executive agencies; APST

Does any of these orders require a license to build AI?

No. As of November 2026, no executive order requires a license, permit or approval to develop, train or release an AI model in the United States. The orders bind agencies. Where the orders and proclamations reach companies, they do so through channels that include federal procurement (Executive Order 14319), tariffs on imported chips (Proclamation 11002), benefits a company can apply for (Executive Orders 14318 and 14320) and a pledge that seven companies accepted (Proclamation 11014). Executive Order 14409 comes closest with its voluntary pre-release access, and section 3(c) rules out a mandatory licensing, preclearance or permitting requirement under that section. The limit is narrow. It binds section 3 of that one order and says nothing about what Congress or a later order could do.

The binding duties on frontier developers come from statutes, including the EU AI Act and California’s SB 53 now, and New York’s RAISE Act and Illinois’s Artificial Intelligence Safety Measures Act (SB 315, Public Act 104-0538) from January 1, 2027. They require notices, published safety frameworks and incident reports rather than licenses, and they are compared in frontier AI laws, with their thresholds in compute thresholds. Executive Order 14365 has not changed that; so far it has produced a task force, recommendations to Congress and a proposed FTC policy statement.

This guide states each document as published by the Federal Register or the White House and is general information, not legal advice. Deadlines are counted from the signing date printed on each order.

Last updated Nov 2, 2026 by ZSKFL Management. Time-sensitive facts on this page are stated as of that date.